城市应急避难场所覆盖选择模型

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2020.12.022

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 157-164.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2020.12.022

城市应急避难场所覆盖选择模型

吕伟^1,2 副教授, 汪京辉^1,2, 赵相成^1,2, 徐一旻^**1,2 研究员, 霍非舟^1,2 讲师, 李墨潇^1,2 讲师

1 武汉理工大学中国应急管理研究中心,湖北武汉 430070;
2 武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院,湖北武汉 430070

收稿日期:2020-09-09 修回日期:2020-11-15 出版日期:2020-12-28 发布日期:2021-07-15
通讯作者: **徐一旻(1967—),女,福建泉州人,博士,研究员,主要从事城市基础设施安全监测与运维管理方面的研究。E-mail: xuyimin@whut.edu.cn。
作者简介:吕伟 (1989—),河南信阳人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事公共安全、交通安全方面的研究。E-mail: weil@whut.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助(52072286,51808422);中国博士后科学基金资助(2018M632937);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2020VI002,2019III168CG,2019III053GX)。

Research on urban emergency shelter coverage and selection model

LYU Wei^1,2, WANG Jinghui^1,2, ZHAO Xiangcheng^1,2, XU Yimin^1,2, HUO Feizhou^1,2, LI Moxiao^1,2

1 China Research Center for Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430070, China;
2 School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430070, China

Received:2020-09-09 Revised:2020-11-15 Online:2020-12-28 Published:2021-07-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决大规模疏散场景下的避难场所覆盖选择模型合理构建和高效求解的问题,提出考虑扩展操作的城市应急避难场所覆盖选择模型和改进的量子遗传算法(QGA)。首先,以总疏散时间最短为目标函数,以分配结果离散性、疏散起始位置和避难场所容量为约束条件,构建大规模场景下的覆盖选择模型;然后,基于扩散操作和QGA提出3种不同的求解方法,分别为考虑不同扩散速度、考虑相同扩散速度和不考虑扩散操作;最后,以上海市黄浦区为研究区域,对比分析3种方法的求解能力,并绘制疏散路径图和热力图。结果表明:城市应急避难场所覆盖选择模型可以提供居民建筑和避难场所的双向覆盖选择结果;模型求解方面,采用考虑不同扩散速度的扩散QGA可以快速获得结果离散性最低、总疏散时间最短的规划方案。

关键词: 城市应急避难场所, 覆盖选择模型, 量子遗传算法(QGA), 扩散速度, 疏散路径

Abstract: In order to reasonably develop and efficiently solve shelter coverage selection model in large-scale evacuation scenarios, a coverage and selection model of urban emergency shelters considering spreading operation, and an improved QGA, were proposed. First, with minimum total evacuation time as objective function, and discreteness of allocation results, evacuation start position and shelter capacity as constraints, a coverage and selection model was established. Then, three different solving methods were proposed based on spreading operations and QGA, which were considering changeable spreading speeds, considering unchangeable spreading speed, and without considering spreading operations. Finally, with Huangpu District in Shanghai being taken as a research region, solving abilities of three methods were compared and analyzed, and evacuation route and thermal diagrams were drawn out. The results show that the model can provide two-way coverage selection results of residential buildings and shelters. In solving the model, spreading quantum genetic algorithm considering different spreading speeds can quickly obtain planning scheme with lowest dispersion and shortest total evacuation time.

Key words: urban emergency shelters, coverage and selection model, quantum genetic algorithm(QGA), spread speed, evacuation route

中图分类号:

X928.03

吕伟, 汪京辉, 赵相成, 徐一旻, 霍非舟, 李墨潇. 城市应急避难场所覆盖选择模型[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(12): 157-164.

LYU Wei, WANG Jinghui, ZHAO Xiangcheng, XU Yimin, HUO Feizhou, LI Moxiao. Research on urban emergency shelter coverage and selection model[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(12): 157-164.

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城市应急避难场所覆盖选择模型

Research on urban emergency shelter coverage and selection model

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